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Teaser picture with Lettering Contracetion in Social Media
Study

Contraception in Social Media – a Communication Science Analysis

06/2021 - 01/2023
What about the quality of sexuality education information on social media platforms? Are experts involved in creating the content? What is the role of lay people? What does research say about contraceptive communication on the internet? There is nearly no data on German-language contraceptive communication in social media. Therefore, a research-project of the TU Ilmenau collected for the first time contraception-related posts and associated comments in social media systematically and evaluated contents of posts and comments by terms of content analysis.

Project participants

Team lead

Prof. Dr. Nicola Döring

Technische Universität Ilmenau
Institut für Medien und Kommunikationswissenschaft
[Institute of Media and Communication Science at the TU Ilmenau]

www.tu-ilmenau.de/en/university/departments/department-of-economic-sciences-and-media/profile/institutes-and-groups/institute-for-media-and-communication-science

Team member / collaboration

Stephan Lehmann, M.A., and with support of a gynecological specialist, Dr med. Claudia Schumann-Doermer

Client

Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA)

Target group / Sample

Selected posts and comments on social media platforms: Wikipedia, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok

Objectives

The aim of this research project is to systematically analyse, from a communication science perspective, how various contraceptive methods are presented and discussed on central social media platforms in German-speaking areas. Moreover, the quality of information is to be evaluated.

The research focuses on all 15 contraceptive methods, which are presented on sexuality education websites of the Federal Centre for Health (BZgA) (https://www.familienplanung.de/verhuetung/verhuetungsmethoden/ ):

  1. The contraceptive pill

  2. The mini pill (the progestogen-only pill, POP)

  3. Condom (male)

  4. The female condom

  5. Diaphragm

  6. Hormonal coil

  7. Hormone sticks (contraceptive implant)

  8. Contraceptive patch

  9. FemCap

  10. Three-month injection (depo)

  11. Copper IUD

  12. Coitus interruptus and other unsafe methods

  13. Vaginal ring

  14. Symptothermal method (so-called natural family planning NFP)

  15. Sterilization

In focus: four social media platforms

The social media platforms were selected for analysis based on their relevance.

  1. Wikipedia: Wikipedia-entries usually appear within the first hits in Google searches.

  2. YouTube is the most-used social media platform worldwide.

  3. Instagram: The second most used social media platform among young people in Germany, after YouTube.

  4. TikTok is the social media platform with the highest growth rates worldwide.

Methodology / Research design

Four different research methods will be used in the project:

  1. Qualitative content analyses of social media posts and comments

  2. Quantitative content analyses of social media posts and comments

  3. Qualitative content analyses of social media posts (in collaboration with a medical expert)

  4. Qualitative interviews with young social media users

Information on pregnancy prevention and access to family planning methods are considered to be key issues in sexual and reproductive health and sexual and reproductive human rights (e.g. IPPF Declaration of Sexual Rights 2008; WAS Declaration of Sexual Rights 2014). This is because unplanned and unwanted pregnancies – as well as the fear of them – place a particular and significant burden on the health of girls and women in many ways.

Communication about contraceptive methods takes place in different contexts (e.g. family, school, doctor's office, peer group, partner relationship) and through different media (e.g. mass media, social media).

Current survey

In recent years, social media have proved highly influential in the health communication field. Young people and adults now often turn to online media first when they have questions about contraception.

There is a lot of useful, high-quality information about pregnancy prevention on social media. However, there is also incomplete and incorrect information (misinformation), as well as deliberately disseminated false information (disinformation, 'fake news'). Last but not least, social media communication about contraceptive methods is also influenced by zeitgeist trends (e.g. the current trend of very strong criticism of the pill and hormonal contraception in general) and product marketing (e.g. the marketing of new contraceptive apps for so-called natural family planning). 

Relevance of the research project

The study is expected to provide in-depth knowledge of how contraceptive methods are presented and discussed in social media in German-speaking countries today, thus filling a gap in scientific research. The project results are also relevant to practice, as the findings will help professional sexuality education to a) meet their target groups where they are in terms of current social media discourse, and b) develop and disseminate their own social media education materials in a targeted way.

Project related publications

Döring, N., Lehmann, S., & Schumann-Doermer, C. (2023). Verhütung auf YouTube, Instagram und TikTok [Contraception on YouTube, Instagram and TikTok]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 66, 990–999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-023-03698-0
Fulltext PDF unter: https://rdcu.be/dd7k8

Döring, N., & Lehmann, S. (2023). Nutzung und Bewertung von Verhütungsinformationen in Sozialen Medien: Eine Interviewstudie mit Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen [Use and evaluation of contraceptive information in social media: an interview study with adolescents and young adults]. Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung. eFirst Nutzung und Bewertung von Verhütungsinformationen in Sozialen Medien: Eine Interviewstudie mit Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen

Döring, N., & Lehmann, S. (2022). Verhütungsinformationen in Sozialen Medien: TikTok überholt Instagram und YouTube [Contraceptive information on social media: TikTok overtakes Instagram and YouTube], FORUM Sexualaufklärung und Familienplanung: Informationsdienst der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), 1, 7–10.
https://doi.org/10.17623/BZgA_SRH:forum_2022-1_beitrag_verhuetg_soz_medien

Döring, N. & Lehmann, S. (2022). Von Dr. Sommer zu Dr. TikTok. Sexuelle Gesundheitskommunikation mittels Online-Videoplattformen [From Dr. Sommer to Dr. TikTok. Sexual health communication via online video platforms.]. merz - medien + erziehung - zeitschrift für medienpädagogik, 66(1), 18–26. https://www.merz-zeitschrift.de/alle-ausgaben/details/2022-01-gesundheit-und-medien/
Link to full text: https://www.nicola-doering.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Doering2021_Antibabypille-Soziale-Medien.pdf

Döring, N., Lehmann, S., & Schumann-Doermer, C. (2022). Verhütung in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia: Eine Inhalts- und Qualitätsanalyse [Contraception in the German-language Wikipedia: A content and quality analysis]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt – Gesundheitsforschung – Gesundheitsschutz, 65(6), 706–717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-022-03537-8

Döring, N. & Lehmann, S. (2022). Verhütungskommunikation in Sozialen Medien: Forschungsstand und praktische Konsequenzen [Contraceptive communication on social media: State of research and practical consequences]. pro familia magazin, 03/2022, 22–26. https://www.profamilia.de/fileadmin/publikationen/Magazin/2022/pro_familia_magazin_2022-3_IHV.pdf
Link to full text: https://www.nicola-doering.de/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Doring-Lehmann-2022_Verhutungskommunikation_Soziale_Medien.pdf

Döring, N. (2021). Mehr Frust als Lust? Die Antibabypille in Sozialen Medien [More frustration than pleasure? The birth control pill in social media]. merz – medien + erziehung. zeitschrift für medienpädagogik, 65(3), 27–34. https://www.merz-zeitschrift.de/alle-ausgaben/details/2021-03-sexualitaet-und-medien/
Link to full text: https://www.nicola-doering.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Doering2021_Antibabypille-Soziale-Medien.pdf

Döring, N. (2021). Verhütungsinformationen in Sozialen Medien. Wichtig, aber auch richtig? [Contraceptive information in social media. Relevant, but also right?]. FORUM Sexualaufklärung und Familienplanung: Informationsdienst der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), 1/2021, 40–41. https://doi.org/10.17623/BZgA_SRH:forum_2021-1_beitrag_verhuetung_soz_medien

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